Stock flowers, also known as gillyflowers or Matthiola incana, are beloved for their vibrant colors and delicate fragrance. These cottage garden plants can grow up to 3 feet tall and thrive in cooler weather. While relatively easy to grow, they require full sun to part shade and rich, evenly-moist soil. Blooming pauses in temperatures above 65°F.
- Common Names: Gillyflower, Brompton Stock, Ten Weeks Stock
- Scientific Name: Matthiola incana
- Plant Type: Annual, Herbaceous Perennial, Shrub
- Plant Height: 1-3 feet
- Growing Difficulty: Low maintenance
- Growing Time: Seedlings appear within 10-14 days
- Bloom Time: Spring, Summer
- Temperature: Prefers cooler temperatures, declines above 80°F
- Hardiness Zone: 6a-10b (Find your hardiness zone here)
- Sunlight: Full Sun, Partial Shade
- Soil pH: Neutral (6.0-8.0)
- Watering Frequency: Consistently moist, well-drained soils
- Plant Spacing: Less than 12 inches to 3 feet
Different Methods to Grow Stock
Growing from Seeds
Sow seeds in rich, neutral soil, barely covering them with 1/8 inch of soil. Maintain good moisture by spraying but avoid oversaturation. Seedlings should appear within 10-14 days.
- Pros: Cost-effective, easy to start.
- Cons: Requires early sowing to avoid late summer heat.
Planting in Rich, Well-Drained Soil
Use soil with a pH close to neutral. Add lime or wood ash to sweeten acidic soil. Use commercial potting soil if growing in containers.
- Pros: Promotes healthy growth, prevents root rot.
- Cons: May require soil amendments if soil is too acidic.
Ensuring Proper Sunlight and Moisture
Stock flowers need 2-3 hours of sunlight a day, preferably indirect light and morning sun. Keep soil evenly moist and use mulch to retain water and keep roots cool. Avoid extreme heat and humidity.
- Pros: Encourages blooming, maintains plant health.
- Cons: Requires regular monitoring and maintenance to avoid overwatering and heat stress.
Ideal Soil and Location Requirements
For optimal growth, Stock flowers thrive in rich, well-drained soil with a neutral pH. They prefer full sun to partial shade and require consistently moist conditions. Avoid planting in areas with extreme heat or poor drainage to prevent root rot.
When to Plant Stock
Stock flowers thrive when planted in late spring to fall, especially in cooler summer conditions. Seeds should be started indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date or sown directly outdoors. For continuous blooms, sow seeds in two-week intervals. They can endure one or two frost events.
Growing Stock Outdoors
Growing Stock flowers from seeds is the best method for home gardeners due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you grow Stock flowers in your garden:
- Prepare the soil. Choose a location with rich, well-drained soil and a neutral pH. If needed, amend the soil with compost to improve its quality.
- Sow the seeds. Scatter the seeds on the soil surface and lightly cover them with 1/8 inch of soil. Ensure the seeds are not buried too deep.
- Water gently. Use a spray bottle to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Consistent moisture is key for germination.
- Monitor seedlings. Seedlings should appear within 10-14 days. Keep the soil evenly moist during this period.
- Thin the seedlings. Once the seedlings are a few inches tall, thin them to ensure they are spaced 12 inches apart. This allows for proper air circulation and growth.
- Provide sunlight. Ensure the plants receive 2-3 hours of sunlight daily, preferably in the morning. Partial shade is acceptable in hotter climates.
- Mulch the soil. Apply a layer of mulch around the plants to retain moisture and keep the roots cool.
- Water regularly. Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry periods. Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
- Deadhead spent blooms. Remove faded flowers to encourage new growth and prolong the blooming period.
Growing Stock Indoors
Growing Stock flowers indoors is feasible if you provide the right conditions. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you grow Stock flowers indoors:
- Choose a container. Select a pot with good drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
- Prepare the soil. Use rich, well-drained, neutral soil. If using commercial potting soil, ensure it is suitable for flowering plants.
- Sow the seeds. Scatter the seeds on the soil surface and lightly cover them with 1/8 inch of soil.
- Water gently. Use a spray bottle to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Consistent moisture is key for germination.
- Provide light. Place the pot in a location where it will receive 2-3 hours of indirect sunlight or morning sun daily.
- Maintain temperature. Keep the indoor temperature cool, ideally below 65°F, to encourage blooming.
- Monitor seedlings. Seedlings should appear within 10-14 days. Keep the soil evenly moist during this period.
- Thin the seedlings. Once the seedlings are a few inches tall, thin them to ensure they are spaced adequately apart for proper air circulation and growth.
- Mulch the soil. Apply a layer of mulch around the plants to retain moisture and keep the roots cool.
- Water regularly. Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry periods. Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
- Deadhead spent blooms. Remove faded flowers to encourage new growth and prolong the blooming period.
Stock flowers are not only beautiful but also historically significant. Thomas Jefferson imported them to Monticello in 1771, introducing them to the United States. During the Victorian era, they were known as gilly flowers and symbolized deep affection when given as gifts.
Caring for Stock
- Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Stock flowers thrive in evenly moist conditions, so regular watering is essential, especially during dry periods. Mulching can help retain moisture and keep the roots cool.
- Sunlight: Ensure your Stock flowers receive 2-3 hours of sunlight daily, preferably in the morning or as indirect light. This helps promote healthy growth and vibrant blooms.
- Pest Control: Watch out for common pests like aphids, flea beetles, and cabbage white caterpillars. Gently remove pests from the leaves and cut off any damaged plant parts to keep your Stock flowers healthy.
- Temperature Management: Stock flowers prefer cooler temperatures and can tolerate one or two frost events. Avoid exposing them to extreme heat and humidity, as this can stress the plants and hinder their growth.
- Fertilization: Stock flowers generally do not require fertilizer. However, applying a layer of natural mulch can help suppress weed growth and maintain soil moisture and coolness, benefiting the overall health of the plants.
Common Challenges With Stock
Stock flowers are relatively easy to grow, making them a favorite among gardeners. They thrive in cooler temperatures and well-drained soil, requiring minimal maintenance. In my experience, starting them from seeds is straightforward, and they quickly establish themselves in the garden. Just ensure they get enough sunlight and consistent moisture, and you'll be rewarded with their vibrant blooms.
However, growing Stock does come with its challenges. They are sensitive to high temperatures and humidity, which can lead to issues like gray mold and wilting. Poor air circulation and overwatering can also cause fungal diseases. Keeping an eye on these conditions can help maintain healthy plants.
Safety of Stock for Pets
Stock flowers are toxic to cats, dogs, and other pets. If you suspect your pet has ingested Stock, contact the ASPCA 24-hour hotline immediately for assistance.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can stock flowers be grown in containers?
Yes, stock flowers can be grown in containers. Ensure the pot has good drainage holes and use rich, well-drained soil. Place the container in a location with 2-3 hours of indirect sunlight or morning sun daily.
How do I prevent gray mold on stock flowers?
To prevent gray mold, ensure good air circulation around the plants and avoid overhead watering. Space out plantings and use drip irrigation to keep the foliage dry. Remove any diseased plants promptly.
What should I do if my stock flowers have yellowing leaves?
Yellowing leaves can be caused by downy mildew or verticillium wilt. Improve air circulation, avoid overwatering, and use drip irrigation. Remove and dispose of any diseased plants to prevent the spread of infection.
Are stock flowers edible?
Yes, stock flowers are edible and have a delicate floral taste. They can be added to salads or used as a garnish for desserts, making them a versatile addition to your garden and kitchen.
