Shallots, part of the Allium genus, are cherished for their mild flavor and smooth texture. They grow in clusters and come in varieties like French gray and Jersey. These small, copper-pink bulbs are relatively easy to cultivate, needing full sun, well-drained soil, and consistent moisture. Gardeners will find them a rewarding addition to their vegetable patch.
- Common Names: French shallot, Gray shallot, Dutch shallot
- Scientific Name: Allium cepa var. aggregatum
- Plant Type: Biennial, bulb
- Plant Height: 1-2 ft.
- Growing Difficulty: Easy
- Growing Time: 100-120 days
- Bloom Time: Spring
- Temperature: 35 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit
- Hardiness Zone: 2-10 (Find your hardiness zone here)
- Sunlight: Full Sun
- Soil pH: 5.5 to 7.0
- Watering Frequency: About an inch per week
- Plant Spacing: 6 to 8 inches apart in rows
Different Methods to Grow Shallots
Planting from Sets
This method involves planting immature bulbs, known as sets, directly into the soil. Sets are typically planted in late fall or early spring, depending on the climate. They should be spaced 6 to 8 inches apart with the thick end pointing down and the top just above the soil line.
- Pros: Faster growth and earlier harvest.
- Cons: Sets can be more expensive than seeds.
Growing from Seeds
Seeds are sown outdoors 4 weeks before the last expected frost or started indoors 8-10 weeks before the last frost date. They are planted in a shallow tray with seed-starting mix and later transplanted into the garden, spaced 4 to 6 inches apart.
- Pros: Greater variety of shallot types available.
- Cons: Longer growing period and more initial care required.
Ideal Soil and Location Requirements
Shallots thrive in loamy, well-drained soil enriched with organic matter. They prefer a neutral pH of 6.0 to 7.0. Plant them in a sunny spot with at least six hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth.
When to Plant Shallots
Shallots are best planted in late fall or early spring. For spring planting, sets or seeds should be sown 2 to 4 weeks before the last frost date. In the fall, plant them a week or two after the first frost date. This timing ensures optimal growth and a bountiful harvest.
Growing Shallots Outdoors
Planting shallot bulbs (sets) is the best method for growing shallots outdoors. This method is easy and quick, making it ideal for home gardeners. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you grow shallots in your garden:
- Prepare the soil. Work the soil with a garden fork to about 6 inches deep and mix in an inch-thick layer of compost.
- Separate the bulbs. Break apart the shallot bulbs into individual cloves.
- Plant the cloves. Place each clove roots-down and top-up, about 6 inches apart in rows 1 foot apart. The top of the clove should show above the soil if planting in spring. If planting in fall, bury the clove one shallot deep.
- Water and mulch. Water the planted cloves and cover them with a light layer of straw mulch to protect from birds and squirrels.
- Maintain moisture. Ensure the soil remains slightly moist but not waterlogged, providing about an inch of water per week.
- Monitor sunlight. Make sure the shallots receive at least six hours of direct sunlight daily.
- Harvest when ready. Shallots are ready to harvest when most of the tops have bent over and started to die back. Gently pull them from the ground and lay them out in a sunny spot to dry for several days.
- Store properly. Once dried, brush off excess soil and store the shallots in a cool, dry, dark place. Use the thick-necked ones first, as they will not store well.
Growing Shallots Indoors
Growing shallots indoors is indeed possible and can be a great way to have fresh onion greens during the winter. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you grow shallots indoors:
- Choose a container. Select a pot that is at least 10 inches deep with ample drainage holes. An unglazed clay container is ideal as it allows excess moisture to evaporate.
- Prepare the soil. Use well-draining soil enriched with organic matter. Ensure the soil pH is between 5.5 and 7.0.
- Separate the bulbs. Break apart store-bought shallots into individual cloves and let them dry out slightly.
- Plant the cloves. Place each clove in the soil with the thick end pointing down and the top just above the soil line. Space the cloves about 6 inches apart.
- Position the container. Place the container in a sunny spot where it can receive at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. If natural light is insufficient, use grow lights.
- Water regularly. Keep the soil lightly moist but not waterlogged. Water about an inch per week, adjusting as needed to maintain moisture.
- Monitor temperature. Ensure the indoor temperature remains between 35 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit for optimal growth.
- Harvest when ready. Shallots are ready to harvest when the tops turn brown and wither, typically 100-120 days after planting. Gently pull them from the soil and let them dry in a cool, dry place.
- Store properly. Once dried, store the shallots in a cool, dry, dark place at around 35 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit.
Shallots are known as "multiplier onions" because they produce two or more bulbs per plant. This unique characteristic makes them a highly productive crop, ideal for gardeners looking to maximize their yield in a small space.
Caring for Shallots
- Watering: Shallots need about an inch of water per week. Ensure the soil remains slightly moist but not waterlogged. In hot or dry weather, you may need to water more frequently to maintain consistent moisture levels.
- Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the plants to help retain soil moisture and control weeds. Mulching also helps to keep the soil temperature stable, which is beneficial for shallot growth.
- Pest Control: Common pests like onion maggots and thrips can affect shallots. Use organic pest control methods such as insecticidal soaps or neem oil to manage these pests. Planting carrots nearby can also help deter onion fly larvae.
- Fertilizing: While shallots generally do not require heavy fertilization, mixing compost into the soil in the spring can provide essential nutrients. For container-grown shallots, a balanced 10-10-10 fertilizer can be applied in early spring.
- Harvesting: Shallots are ready to harvest when the tops turn brown and wither, typically 100-120 days after planting. Gently pull them from the ground, shake off excess soil, and let them cure in a dry, shady spot for a couple of weeks before storing them in a cool, dry place.
Common Challenges With Shallots
Shallots are a relatively easy plant to grow, making them a favorite among both novice and experienced gardeners. They thrive in well-drained soil and full sun, requiring minimal maintenance once established. In my experience, as long as you keep the soil consistently moist and free from weeds, shallots will reward you with a bountiful harvest. Their resilience to pests like deer and rabbits also makes them a reliable choice for outdoor gardens.
However, growing shallots does come with its challenges. Ensuring proper soil moisture is crucial, as too much water can lead to bulb rot. Pests such as onion maggots and thrips can also pose problems, requiring vigilant monitoring and organic pest control methods. Additionally, diseases like white rot and neck rot can affect the plants, especially in poorly drained soils. Despite these challenges, with a bit of care and attention, shallots can be a highly rewarding crop to grow.
Safety of Shallots for Pets
Shallots are toxic to cats, dogs, and other pets. If you suspect your pet has ingested shallots, contact the ASPCA 24-hour hotline immediately for assistance.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I know when shallots are ready to harvest?
Shallots are ready to harvest when the tops turn brown and wither. This typically occurs 100-120 days after planting. Gently pull them from the ground and let them cure in a dry, shady spot for a couple of weeks before storing.
Can shallots be grown in containers?
Yes, shallots can be grown in containers. Choose a pot at least 10 inches deep with good drainage. Use well-draining soil enriched with organic matter and ensure the container receives at least six hours of direct sunlight daily.
What are the common pests that affect shallots?
Common pests include onion maggots and thrips. Organic pest control methods such as insecticidal soaps or neem oil can help manage these pests. Planting carrots nearby can also deter onion fly larvae, reducing pest issues.
How should I store harvested shallots?
After harvesting, let shallots dry in a cool, dry place. Once dried, brush off excess soil and store them in a cool, dark, and dry location. Use the thick-necked ones first, as they do not store well.
