Arugula, also known as rocket, is a fast-growing, cool-season leafy green that adds a tangy, mustard-like flavor to salads. It is easy to grow and can thrive in various soil conditions. Varieties like 'Astro' and 'Sylvetta' offer unique flavors and growth traits, making arugula a versatile choice for any garden. Ideal for beginners, it tolerates light frost and germinates quickly.
- Common Names: Rocket, Roquette, Garden Rocket
- Scientific Name: Eruca vesicaria
- Plant Type: Annual, cool season vegetable
- Plant Height: 8-40 inches
- Growing Difficulty: Easy
- Growing Time: 4-7 weeks
- Bloom Time: Spring, Summer, Fall
- Temperature: 45-65°F
- Hardiness Zone: 2-11 (Find your hardiness zone here)
- Sunlight: Full Sun, Partial Shade
- Soil pH: 6-7
- Watering Frequency: Keep soil evenly moist
- Plant Spacing: Thin seedlings to 6 inches apart
Different Methods to Grow Arugula
Direct Seeding in the Garden
Seeds are planted directly into the garden soil about 1/4 inch deep and an inch apart in rows that are about a foot apart. The seeds can germinate even when the soil temperature is as low as 40 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Pros: Suitable for large-scale planting, utilizes garden space efficiently.
- Cons: Requires more space, may be affected by garden pests and diseases.
Growing in Containers
Arugula can be grown in containers with a depth of at least 6 inches and a wider diameter. The container should have drainage holes, and unglazed clay is recommended to allow excess soil moisture to evaporate. A self-watering container can also be used.
- Pros: Convenient for small spaces and urban gardening, easy to move to provide optimal sunlight and shade, reduces the risk of soil-borne diseases.
- Cons: Limited by container size, requires more frequent watering and monitoring.
Raised Beds
Raised beds provide better control over soil quality and drainage, which can be beneficial for growing arugula. They are typically constructed with wood or other materials to elevate the soil above ground level.
- Pros: Better control over soil conditions, improved drainage, easier to manage.
- Cons: Initial setup can be labor-intensive and costly, limited space compared to traditional beds.
Ideal Soil and Location Requirements
Arugula thrives in nutrient-rich, well-drained soil with a slightly acidic pH of 6-7. It prefers full sun but can tolerate partial shade, especially in warmer climates. Optimal growth occurs in loamy, moist soil conditions.
When to Plant Arugula
Arugula is best planted in early spring or early fall. Seeds can be sown as soon as the soil is workable in spring, even if frost is still possible. For a fall harvest, plant in late summer. Arugula tolerates light frost, making it versatile for cooler seasons.
Growing Arugula Outdoors
Direct seeding in the garden is the best method to grow arugula outdoors. This method is straightforward and doesn't require transplanting, making it ideal for home gardeners.
- Choose the right time. Start planting as soon as the soil is workable in early spring or late summer.
- Select a sunny location. Pick a spot with full sun or part-sun, especially in warm climates.
- Prepare the soil. Ensure the soil is well-drained and nutrient-rich. Mix in compost if needed to improve soil quality.
- Plant the seeds. Sow seeds ¼ inch deep and 1 inch apart in rows about a foot apart.
- Water consistently. Keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Water as soon as the top inch of soil feels dry.
- Thin seedlings. Once seedlings are a few inches tall, thin them to about 6 inches apart to allow room for growth.
- Provide shade if needed. In warmer weather, provide some afternoon shade to prevent bolting.
- Monitor for pests. Check regularly for common pests like slugs and aphids. Remove them by hand or use appropriate organic methods.
- Harvest leaves. When leaves are about 2 to 3 inches long, harvest by cutting outer leaves or pulling up whole plants.
Growing Arugula Indoors
Growing arugula indoors is entirely possible and can be a great way to enjoy fresh greens year-round. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you get started:
- Choose the right container. Use a container that is at least 6 inches deep and has drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
- Fill with quality soil. Use nutrient-rich, well-draining potting soil with a pH between 6 and 7.
- Plant the seeds. Sow seeds ¼ inch deep and about 1 inch apart. You can plant in rows or scatter them evenly across the container.
- Provide adequate light. Place the container in a spot that gets at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. If natural light is insufficient, use grow lights to supplement.
- Water consistently. Keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Water as soon as the top inch of soil feels dry.
- Thin the seedlings. Once seedlings are a few inches tall, thin them to about 6 inches apart to allow room for growth.
- Maintain optimal temperature. Keep the indoor temperature between 45 and 65 degrees Fahrenheit for best results.
- Harvest regularly. When leaves are about 2 to 3 inches long, harvest by cutting outer leaves or pulling up whole plants.
Did you know that arugula can be grown as a microgreen? Harvesting arugula at the microgreen stage, which is typically 7-14 days after germination, provides a nutrient-dense addition to salads and sandwiches. This method is perfect for those with limited space or who want a quick harvest.
Caring for Arugula
- Keep the soil moist: Arugula thrives in consistently moist soil. Make sure to water regularly, especially during warmer weather, to prevent the plant from bolting. Bolting can cause the leaves to become bitter.
- Watch out for pests: Common pests like cabbage worms, flea beetles, and aphids can affect arugula. Handpick pests when you see them, use row covers to protect the plants, and consider introducing beneficial insects to keep pest populations in check.
- Harvest frequently: For the best flavor, harvest arugula leaves when they are about 2 to 3 inches long. You can either cut individual leaves or pull up the whole plant. Regular harvesting encourages new growth and prolongs the plant's productivity.
- Fertilize as needed: If you notice pale leaves, it might be a sign that your arugula needs more nutrients. Mixing compost into the soil before planting can help, and you can also use a granular organic fertilizer to replenish nutrients.
- Provide some shade: In warmer climates, providing afternoon shade can help reduce heat stress and prevent the plant from bolting. This can be achieved by using shade cloths or planting in a location that gets partial shade during the hottest part of the day.
Common Challenges With Arugula
Arugula is a very resilient plant, making it an excellent choice for both novice and experienced gardeners. It grows quickly, often maturing within 40 to 50 days, and can tolerate a variety of soil conditions, including light frosts. In my experience, arugula's ability to thrive in both full sun and partial shade makes it a versatile addition to any garden. Plus, it can be grown in containers, which is perfect for those with limited space.
However, growing arugula does come with its challenges. One of the most common issues is bolting, especially in warmer weather, which can make the leaves bitter. Pests like aphids, flea beetles, and cabbage worms can also be problematic. Additionally, diseases such as powdery mildew and bacterial leaf spot may affect the plant. Despite these challenges, with regular care and monitoring, arugula can be a rewarding and flavorful addition to your garden.
Safety of Arugula for Pets
Arugula is generally safe for cats, dogs, and other pets. However, if you suspect your pet has ingested a large amount and is showing signs of distress, contact the ASPCA 24-hour hotline immediately.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I protect my arugula from rabbits?
To protect arugula from rabbits, use physical barriers like chicken wire or garden fencing around your plants. Additionally, applying natural repellents such as garlic or hot pepper spray can deter rabbits from munching on your greens.
What size pot is best for growing arugula?
For growing arugula in pots, choose a container that is at least 6 inches deep with good drainage. A wider diameter pot allows for more plants, ensuring they have enough space to grow and thrive.
How do I harvest and store arugula seeds?
To harvest arugula seeds, allow the plant to flower and form seed pods. Once the pods are dry, collect them and store the seeds in a cool, dry place. Use airtight containers to maintain seed viability for future planting.
What should I plant after harvesting arugula?
After harvesting arugula, consider planting crops like beans or peas, which can help replenish nitrogen in the soil. Rotating crops helps maintain soil health and reduces the risk of pests and diseases.
