Hops (Humulus lupulus) are vigorous perennial vines known for their rapid growth and aromatic cones, essential in brewing. Varieties like 'Willamette' and 'Cascade' offer unique flavors, from fruity to citrusy. While hops thrive in full sun and well-draining soil, they require a sturdy trellis and regular care to manage their extensive growth, making them moderately challenging for gardeners.
- Common Names: Common Hops, European Hops
- Scientific Name: Humulus lupulus
- Plant Type: Herbaceous Perennial Vine
- Plant Height: 15-20 feet
- Growing Difficulty: Easy to Grow
- Growing Time: Perennial (persists up to 20 years)
- Bloom Time: Summer, Fall
- Hardiness Zone: 5a-8b (Find your hardiness zone here)
- Sunlight: Full Sun, Partial Shade
- Soil pH: 6.0-8.0
- Watering Frequency: Moist, Occasionally Wet
- Plant Spacing: 3-6 feet
Different Methods to Grow Hops
Planting Rhizomes
Planting rhizomes is a common method for growing hops. Rhizomes are planted in hills, spaced at least 3 feet apart, with the buds pointing up and the roots down.
- Pros: Ensures desired characteristics are carried forward; reliable method.
- Cons: Requires purchasing rhizomes from nurseries or online.
Using Root Cuttings
At the end of the season, healthy bottom bines are buried in the soil for propagating new plants in the following spring. These bines are dug up in spring, cut into pieces about 4 inches long, and planted in hills.
- Pros: Utilizes existing plants; cost-effective.
- Cons: Requires careful handling and marking of bines; may not always be successful.
Propagating from Bines
Unused bines can be pruned off or stuck into the soil and allowed to produce rhizomes for new plants.
- Pros: Easy to implement; uses parts of the plant that would otherwise be discarded.
- Cons: May not always produce strong plants; requires space for additional plants.
Ideal Soil and Location Requirements
Hops thrive in well-draining, loose soil enriched with compost or aged manure. They require full sun exposure and a robust trellis system to support their vigorous growth. Plant hops in spring after the last frost for optimal results.
When to Plant Hops
Plant hops in early spring after the last frost to ensure they have at least 120 frost-free days to flower and produce a good crop. This timing allows the plants to establish themselves before the growing season, maximizing their potential for a robust harvest.
Growing Hops Outdoors
Planting hops in hills is the best method for growing them outdoors in a garden. This method allows for better spacing, easier management, and supports the establishment of a strong root system. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you grow hops successfully:
- Choose the Right Time. Plant hops in early spring after the last frost to ensure they have at least 120 frost-free days to flower and produce a good crop.
- Select a Sunny Location. Choose a spot that gets full sun to partial shade. Ensure the soil is loose, well-draining, and enriched with compost or aged manure.
- Prepare the Soil. Dig holes twice as wide as the pot and as deep. Space the hills at least 3 feet apart to allow for proper growth and air circulation.
- Plant the Rhizomes. Place two rhizomes per hill with the buds pointing up and the roots down. Cover them with soil and water deeply.
- Install a Trellis System. Set up a sturdy trellis or support structure for the bines to climb. This is crucial as hops can grow over 25 feet tall.
- Water Regularly. In the first year, water frequently but lightly to help establish the roots. For mature plants, water regularly if rainfall is sparse.
- Train the Bines. Select 2 to 6 bines from each hill and train them to climb the trellis by wrapping them clockwise around the support.
- Mulch and Weed Control. Cover the hills with straw or light mulch to control weeds and retain soil moisture.
- Fertilize Annually. Add a layer of compost each year to provide essential nutrients and promote healthy growth.
- Monitor Growth. Regularly check the plants for pests and diseases. Support lateral branches to prevent tangling and ensure proper air circulation.
Growing Hops Indoors
Growing hops indoors is not feasible due to their need for extensive vertical space, strong sunlight, and a robust trellis system. However, if you have a suitable outdoor space, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you grow hops successfully:
- Choose the Right Time. Plant hops in early spring after the last frost to ensure they have at least 120 frost-free days to flower and produce a good crop.
- Select a Sunny Location. Choose a spot that gets full sun to partial shade. Ensure the soil is loose, well-draining, and enriched with compost or aged manure.
- Prepare the Soil. Dig holes twice as wide as the pot and as deep. Space the hills at least 3 feet apart to allow for proper growth and air circulation.
- Plant the Rhizomes. Place two rhizomes per hill with the buds pointing up and the roots down. Cover them with soil and water deeply.
- Install a Trellis System. Set up a sturdy trellis or support structure for the bines to climb. This is crucial as hops can grow over 25 feet tall.
- Water Regularly. In the first year, water frequently but lightly to help establish the roots. For mature plants, water regularly if rainfall is sparse.
- Train the Bines. Select 2 to 6 bines from each hill and train them to climb the trellis by wrapping them clockwise around the support.
- Mulch and Weed Control. Cover the hills with straw or light mulch to control weeds and retain soil moisture.
- Fertilize Annually. Add a layer of compost each year to provide essential nutrients and promote healthy growth.
- Monitor Growth. Regularly check the plants for pests and diseases. Support lateral branches to prevent tangling and ensure proper air circulation.
Hops have a soporific effect, and the flowers have long been used in dream pillows to induce sleep.
Caring for Hops
- Watering: Hops need plenty of water, especially during dry spells. Ensure the soil remains moist but not waterlogged. Mature plants benefit from regular watering if rainfall is sparse.
- Fertilizing: Add a layer of compost or aged manure annually to provide essential nutrients. This helps promote healthy growth and robust flower production.
- Pest Management: Common pests include aphids, spider mites, and cutworms. Regularly inspect your plants and use organic insecticides or neem oil to manage infestations. Remove and destroy any plants affected by viruses to prevent spread.
- Harvesting: Harvest hops in late summer when the flower cones start to dry out. Squeeze the cones to check for readiness. Dry them on the support system or cut the bines and lay them out to dry before storing in airtight containers.
- Pruning and Training: Train 2 to 6 bines per hill to climb a sturdy trellis. Support lateral branches to prevent tangling and ensure proper air circulation. Prune any excess growth to maintain plant health and productivity.
Common Challenges With Hops
Hops are generally easy to grow, making them a favorite among home gardeners and brewers alike. They thrive in well-draining soil and require a sturdy trellis system to support their vigorous growth. In my experience, once established, hops can grow rapidly, sometimes up to a foot a day, and need minimal maintenance beyond regular watering and occasional fertilizing.
However, growing hops does come with its challenges. One common issue is their aggressive spreading through rhizomes, which can make them somewhat high-maintenance. Additionally, hops are susceptible to pests like aphids and spider mites, and diseases such as downy mildew. Proper care and regular monitoring can help mitigate these problems, ensuring a healthy and productive hop garden.
Safety of Hops for Pets
Hops are toxic to dogs, causing symptoms like panting, high body temperature, seizures, and potentially death. If you suspect your pet has ingested hops, contact the ASPCA 24-hour hotline immediately for assistance.
Frequently Asked Questions
How often should I water hops?
Hops need frequent light watering in the first year to establish roots. Mature plants require regular watering, especially during dry spells, to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Consistent moisture is crucial for healthy growth and robust flower production.
What type of soil is best for growing hops?
Hops thrive in loose, well-draining soil enriched with compost or aged manure. The soil should be neutral to slightly acidic, with a pH range of 6.0 to 8.0. Proper soil preparation ensures optimal growth and a bountiful harvest.
When is the best time to plant hops?
Plant hops in early spring after the last frost to ensure they have at least 120 frost-free days to flower and produce a good crop. This timing allows the plants to establish themselves before the growing season, maximizing their potential for a robust harvest.
How do I support hops as they grow?
Hops require a sturdy trellis or support system for the bines to climb. Install the trellis when planting and train 2 to 6 bines per hill to wrap clockwise around the support. This helps manage their vigorous growth and ensures proper air circulation.
