Eucalyptus, an evergreen native to Australia, is cherished for its aromatic leaves and rapid growth. Gardeners can choose from various species, such as the silvery-leaved Eucalyptus cinerea or the cold-tolerant Eucalyptus gunnii. While Eucalyptus thrives with ample sunlight and warmth, it can be challenging to grow outside its natural habitat. Proper care ensures vigorous growth and a stunning addition to any garden.
- Common Names: Silver dollar tree, Argyle apple, Lemon Scented Gum
- Scientific Name: Eucalyptus cinerea
- Plant Type: Poisonous shrub or tree
- Plant Height: 15-53 feet
- Growing Difficulty: Medium
- Growing Time: 6-8 feet in one season
- Bloom Time: Summer
- Temperature: 65°F to 75°F
- Hardiness Zone: 8-11 (Find your hardiness zone here)
- Sunlight: Full Sun
- Soil pH: Acidic to neutral
- Watering Frequency: Drought tolerant once established
- Plant Spacing: Space at least 8 feet apart
Different Methods to Grow Eucalyptus
Growing from Seeds
Seeds must be chilled in the refrigerator for two months before planting. Sow seeds in late winter indoors, about 10 to 12 weeks before the last frost date. Use a seed-starting mix in peat pots to avoid disturbing the roots.
- Pros: Can start with a large number of plants. Seeds are generally inexpensive.
- Cons: Requires a long chilling period. Germination can be slow and unpredictable.
Propagating via Cuttings
Best done when the tree is between 2 and 12 months old. Take cuttings in late summer. Use a mixture of composted tree bark and perlite, and add a slow-release fertilizer. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in the growing medium.
- Pros: Faster than growing from seeds. Can ensure the new plant has the same characteristics as the parent plant.
- Cons: Rooting mature stems is difficult. Requires specific conditions for successful rooting.
Ideal Soil and Location Requirements
Eucalyptus thrives in well-drained soil with a texture ranging from clay to sand. It requires full sun exposure, ideally six or more hours daily, and should be planted in a location that accommodates its full height and spread. Suitable for USDA zones 8-11.
When to Plant Eucalyptus
Plant Eucalyptus in spring, ideally 10 to 12 weeks before the last frost date. This timing ensures the plant establishes well before the onset of colder weather. Avoid planting during frost periods to prevent damage to young plants.
Growing Eucalyptus Outdoors
For home gardeners, the best method to grow Eucalyptus outdoors is by planting it directly in the garden. This method is the easiest because Eucalyptus trees have a fast growth rate and do not require staking or other support structures. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you grow Eucalyptus in your garden:
- Choose the right location. Select a spot in your garden that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight daily and has well-draining soil.
- Prepare the soil. Ensure the soil is slightly acidic to neutral in pH. If needed, amend the soil with compost to improve drainage and fertility.
- Plant in spring. Plant your Eucalyptus tree in spring, ideally 10 to 12 weeks before the last frost date. This timing helps the plant establish before colder weather.
- Dig a hole. Dig a hole twice as wide and just as deep as the root ball of your Eucalyptus plant.
- Place the plant. Carefully place the Eucalyptus plant in the hole, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil.
- Backfill the hole. Fill the hole with soil, gently firming it around the base of the plant to eliminate air pockets.
- Water thoroughly. Water the newly planted Eucalyptus thoroughly to help settle the soil and establish the roots.
- Space appropriately. If planting multiple trees, space them at least 8 feet apart to accommodate their full height and spread.
- Maintain temperature. Ensure the temperature stays between 65°F and 75°F. Eucalyptus cannot survive prolonged exposure to temperatures below 50°F.
- Water as needed. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Eucalyptus is drought-tolerant once established, so avoid overwatering.
- Monitor growth. Regularly check the plant for any signs of pests or diseases and take appropriate action if needed.
Growing Eucalyptus Indoors
Growing Eucalyptus indoors can be challenging but is feasible with the right conditions. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you grow Eucalyptus indoors:
- Choose a sunny spot. Place your Eucalyptus plant in a location that receives plenty of bright, direct sunlight.
- Use a well-draining potting mix. Fill a pot with a mix of composted tree bark and perlite, and add a slow-release fertilizer.
- Maintain temperature. Keep the room temperature between 65°F and 75°F to mimic the plant’s natural environment.
- Ensure good airflow. Place the plant in a location with good airflow to prevent fungal issues.
- Water when dry. Water the plant when the soil feels dry to the touch, but avoid overwatering.
- Prune regularly. Prune the plant after the growing season to maintain its size and shape.
Eucalyptus trees are known for their rapid growth, often gaining several feet per year. An interesting fact is that their aromatic leaves are not only used in home decor but also have medicinal properties, commonly used in essential oils for their anti-inflammatory and decongestant effects.
Caring for Eucalyptus
- Watering: Once your Eucalyptus is established, it becomes quite drought-tolerant. However, during prolonged dry spells, it's a good idea to give it a deep watering to keep it healthy. Avoid overwatering as it can lead to root rot.
- Fertilizing: For Eucalyptus grown in containers, use a low-nitrogen houseplant fertilizer throughout the growing season. Ground-grown Eucalyptus typically does not require additional fertilization.
- Pest Control: Eucalyptus is generally pest-free, but watch out for Eucalyptus long-horned borers. If you notice holes in the bark or oozing sap, remove the infested areas immediately as insecticides are ineffective against these borers.
- Pruning: Minimal pruning is needed. Trim overgrown, broken, or misshapen branches in the summer, but avoid pruning during very humid weather to prevent fungal issues.
- Harvesting: Harvest mature leaves and branches late in the growing season. Snip off leaves with pruners or by hand, then air-dry them on a paper towel or drying screen in a cool, shaded spot. Store dried leaves in glass jars with tightly sealed lids.
Common Challenges With Eucalyptus
Growing Eucalyptus can be a rewarding experience, but it's not without its challenges. While Eucalyptus is known for its rapid growth and resilience, it can be tricky to cultivate outside its natural environment. In my experience, the key to success lies in providing ample sunlight and well-draining soil. Once established, Eucalyptus is quite drought-tolerant and requires minimal maintenance, making it a relatively easy plant to grow in suitable climates.
However, there are common challenges to be aware of. Eucalyptus is prone to leaf spots, cankers, and root rot, especially in overly moist conditions. Additionally, its high toxicity can pose risks to humans and pets if ingested. Falling branches and the need for regular pruning to manage its size are other considerations. Despite these hurdles, with proper care and attention, Eucalyptus can thrive and become a stunning addition to your garden.
Safety of Eucalyptus for Pets
Eucalyptus is toxic to cats, dogs, and other pets. Symptoms include salivation, vomiting, and weakness. If you suspect your pet has ingested eucalyptus, contact the ASPCA 24-hour hotline immediately.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can eucalyptus be grown in containers?
Yes, eucalyptus can be grown in containers. Use a well-draining potting mix and ensure the container has drainage holes. Place the container in a sunny spot and bring it indoors when temperatures drop below 50°F.
How often should I water my eucalyptus plant?
Water your eucalyptus plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Avoid overwatering, as eucalyptus is somewhat drought-tolerant once established and excessive moisture can lead to root rot.
What are the common pests that affect eucalyptus?
Eucalyptus is generally pest-free but can be affected by eucalyptus long-horned borers. Signs of infestation include holes in the bark and oozing sap. Remove infested areas immediately, as insecticides are ineffective against these borers.
Is eucalyptus toxic to pets?
Yes, eucalyptus is toxic to cats, dogs, and other pets. Symptoms of ingestion include salivation, vomiting, and weakness. If you suspect your pet has ingested eucalyptus, contact a veterinarian immediately.
