Chamomile, a charming European herb, is beloved for its daisy-like flowers and soothing properties. With varieties like German and Roman chamomile, this plant is known for its quick growth and low-maintenance nature. Ideal for gardeners of all levels, chamomile thrives in full sun to partial shade and requires minimal care, making it an excellent addition to any garden.
- Common Names: Barnyard Daisy, Roman Chamomile, German Chamomile
- Scientific Name: Matricaria recutita (German chamomile), Chamaemelum nobile (Roman chamomile)
- Plant Type: Annual, Herbaceous Perennial
- Plant Height: 8-24 inches
- Growing Difficulty: Easy
- Growing Time: 10 weeks
- Bloom Time: Summer
- Temperature: 60-68 degrees Fahrenheit
- Hardiness Zone: 2-9 (Find your hardiness zone here)
- Sunlight: Full Sun, Partial Shade
- Soil pH: 5.6-7.5
- Watering Frequency: Allow plants to dry out between waterings
- Plant Spacing: 8-12 inches apart
Different Methods to Grow Chamomile
Growing from Seed
German chamomile is best grown from seeds. Scatter the seeds on the soil surface and press them down without covering. Water regularly until germination, which typically occurs in 7-14 days. This method can be started indoors about six weeks before the last frost or direct-seeded outdoors in the fall.
- Pros: Cost-effective and allows for a large number of plants.
- Cons: Requires patience for germination and careful attention to watering and light conditions.
Propagation by Division
Roman chamomile is often propagated by division. This involves cutting off a section of the plant with its roots intact and transplanting it. Use pruners or a spade to separate the section, then transplant it into a prepared hole or container, keeping the soil moist until new growth appears.
- Pros: Quick establishment of new plants and helps control the spread of Roman chamomile.
- Cons: Requires an existing plant and can be labor-intensive.
Ideal Soil and Location Requirements
Chamomile thrives in well-drained, loamy soil with a neutral pH. It flourishes in full sun but can tolerate partial shade, especially in hotter climates. Ensure the planting area has good air circulation to prevent fungal issues.
When to Plant Chamomile
Chamomile is best planted in the spring after the last frost or in the fall. Start seeds indoors about six weeks before the last expected frost. Roman chamomile can be propagated by division in early spring once the threat of frost has passed.
Growing Chamomile Outdoors
For home gardeners, the best method to grow chamomile outdoors is by starting from seeds. This method is straightforward and allows for a large number of plants. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you grow chamomile in your garden:
- Choose the right time. Start seeds indoors about six weeks before the last expected frost or direct-seed outdoors in the fall.
- Prepare the soil. Ensure the soil is well-drained and loamy with a pH between 5.6 and 7.5. Chamomile prefers rich, organic soil but can tolerate poorer mixtures.
- Scatter the seeds. Spread the seeds evenly on the soil surface and press them down firmly without covering them with soil.
- Water regularly. Keep the soil moist until germination, which typically occurs in 7-14 days. Water young plants about an inch per week.
- Transplant seedlings. Once the seedlings are strong enough, transplant them outdoors, spacing them 8-12 inches apart.
- Provide sunlight. Ensure the plants receive at least four to six hours of bright sunlight daily. Full sun is ideal for better flowering.
- Maintain moisture. Allow established plants to dry out between moderate waterings. In extremely hot climates, provide a bit more moisture.
- Monitor growth. Chamomile grows quickly, reaching full bloom within about 10 weeks. Keep an eye on the plants and ensure they are healthy and thriving.
Growing Chamomile Indoors
Growing chamomile indoors is entirely possible and can be a straightforward process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you grow chamomile indoors:
- Start seeds indoors. Begin about six weeks before the last expected frost.
- Choose a container. Use one that is at least 6 inches deep with ample drainage holes.
- Prepare the soil. Use well-draining, pre-moistened potting soil enriched with fertilizer.
- Scatter the seeds. Press them firmly onto the soil without covering them.
- Water regularly. Keep the soil moist until germination, which typically occurs in 7-14 days.
- Provide sunlight. Ensure the plant receives at least four to six hours of bright sunlight daily.
- Maintain moisture. Allow the soil to dry out between moderate waterings once the plants are established.
- Move indoors in winter. For potted German chamomile, bring the plants indoors during colder months to keep them alive.
Chamomile is not only a beautiful addition to your garden but also a natural pest repellent. Its strong aroma can deter common garden pests like aphids and thrips, making it a beneficial companion plant for vegetables and other herbs.
Caring for Chamomile
- Watering: Chamomile prefers soil that is kept moist but not overly wet. Water young plants about an inch per week. Once established, chamomile is quite drought-tolerant, so you can allow the soil to dry out between waterings.
- Sunlight: Ensure your chamomile receives at least four to six hours of bright sunlight daily. While it thrives in full sun, it can also tolerate partial shade, especially in hotter climates.
- Pest Control: Common pests like aphids and thrips can affect chamomile. These pests can be washed off the plant with water or treated with insecticidal soap. Regularly inspect your plants to catch any infestations early.
- Harvesting: Gather chamomile flowers when they are fully open. Use one hand to pull off the flowers while holding the stem just underneath the flower with the other. This encourages new buds to form. Flowers can be used fresh or dried for tea. To dry them, lay the flowers on a tray in a dry spot for seven to ten days.
- Pruning and Maintenance: Prune plants if they become leggy or spindly midseason. Trim stems after the first harvest of flowers to encourage new growth and more flower production. Deadhead faded flowers to promote new buds.
Common Challenges With Chamomile
Chamomile is a remarkably resilient plant, making it an excellent choice for both novice and experienced gardeners. Its low-maintenance nature means it requires minimal care once established. Whether you're growing German or Roman chamomile, you'll find that it thrives in a variety of soil types and light conditions, from full sun to partial shade. In my experience, chamomile's drought tolerance and ability to grow in poorer soil mixtures make it a forgiving plant that can adapt to different environments.
However, growing chamomile isn't without its challenges. One common issue is overwatering, which can lead to brown leaves and root rot. Additionally, chamomile can be susceptible to pests like aphids and thrips, although these can usually be managed with regular inspections and treatments. Another challenge is its potential to cause allergic reactions, particularly in individuals sensitive to ragweed. Despite these hurdles, with a bit of attention and care, chamomile can be a rewarding addition to any garden.
Safety of Chamomile for Pets
Chamomile is toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. If you suspect your pet has ingested chamomile, contact the ASPCA 24-hour hotline immediately for assistance.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can chamomile grow in containers?
Yes, chamomile can thrive in containers. Use a pot at least 6 inches deep with good drainage. Ensure the soil is well-draining and keep it moist until the plants are established. Provide at least four to six hours of sunlight daily.
How do you harvest chamomile flowers?
Harvest chamomile flowers when they are fully open. Gently pull the flowers off the stem using one hand while holding the stem with the other. This encourages new buds to form. Flowers can be used fresh or dried for tea.
Is chamomile drought-tolerant?
Once established, chamomile is quite drought-tolerant. Water young plants about an inch per week, but allow the soil to dry out between waterings for mature plants. In extremely hot climates, provide additional moisture as needed.
What pests commonly affect chamomile?
Chamomile is generally pest-resistant, but aphids and thrips can occasionally be a problem. These pests can be managed by washing them off with water or using insecticidal soap. Regular inspections help catch infestations early.
