How to Grow and Care for Artichokes

Artichokes, known for their striking appearance and delicious taste, are a rewarding yet challenging plant for gardeners. These perennials, part of the thistle family, come in varieties like 'Green Globe' and 'Violetto,' each with unique traits. Growing artichokes requires consistent moisture and full sun, making them a bit tricky, especially in hot climates.

• Common Names: French Artichoke, Globe Artichoke, Green Artichoke
• Scientific Name: Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus
• Plant Type: Perennial vegetable
• Plant Height: 3-5 feet
• Growing Difficulty: Medium
• Bloom Time: Summer, Fall
• Temperature: Prefers cool, humid summers and mild winters
• Hardiness Zone: 7-11 (Find your hardiness zone here)
• Sunlight: Full Sun
• Soil pH: Slightly Acidic to Neutral
• Watering Frequency: Requires consistent moisture
• Plant Spacing: Space plants 3-4 feet apart

Different Methods to Grow Artichokes

From Seeds

Starting artichokes from seeds involves sowing them indoors about 8-10 weeks before the last frost. Soak the seeds in warm water before planting them in trays or pots. Place the containers in a warm, bright spot and keep the soil consistently moist.

• Pros: Cost-effective and allows for a controlled environment.
• Cons: Requires more time and care initially, and germination rates can vary.

From Rooted Shoots

This method involves taking shoots from an established plant in the spring. Select shoots that are about 8 inches high, cut them off below the soil, and carefully pull the roots attached to the shoot. Plant the shoot in a new spot or share it with friends.

• Pros: Faster establishment and higher success rate.
• Cons: Requires access to an established plant and careful handling to avoid root damage.

From Dormant Roots

Planting dormant roots is suitable for frost-free regions and can be done in the fall or winter. In cooler climates, plant the roots in the spring after the last frost. This method allows for direct planting in the garden.

• Pros: Suitable for frost-free regions and can be planted directly in the garden.
• Cons: Limited to certain climates and may require additional protection in cooler regions.

Ideal Soil and Location Requirements

Artichokes thrive in moist, rich, well-drained soil with high organic matter. They require full sun, ideally six or more hours of direct sunlight daily. Space plants about five feet apart to ensure proper growth and air circulation.

When to Plant Artichokes

Artichokes should be planted in early spring after the last frost or in late winter indoors. In frost-free regions, dormant roots can be planted in fall or winter. Ensure seedlings are transplanted after the last spring frost for optimal growth.

Growing Artichokes Outdoors

The best method to grow artichokes outdoors is by starting seeds indoors in late winter or early spring. This method is the easiest because it allows for better control over the growing environment, ensuring optimal conditions for germination and early growth. Here’s a step-by-step guide for home gardeners:

1. Start seeds indoors. Begin in late winter or early spring, about 8-10 weeks before the last frost. Soak seeds in warm water before sowing them in trays or pots.
2. Provide light and warmth. Place the trays or pots in a warm spot with bright light. Keep the soil consistently moist.
3. Prepare the garden bed. Choose a spot with full sun. Mix a shovel of compost or aged manure into the soil to enrich it.
4. Transplant seedlings. After the last spring frost, transplant the seedlings into the garden. Space each plant three to four feet apart in rows, with four to five feet between rows.
5. Plant depth. Plant the seedlings about six inches deep, ensuring the tops are above ground level.
6. Water deeply. Water the plants deeply at the time of planting to help them establish.
7. Maintain soil moisture. Keep the soil moist consistently. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
8. Fertilize monthly. Apply a balanced organic fertilizer once a month during the growing season to support healthy growth.
9. Monitor growth. Remove mulch when plants begin to bud and cover the soil with compost. Artichoke plants will go dormant in hot weather and start growing again in late summer and fall.
10. Winter protection. In cooler regions, cut plants back to about six inches after the fall harvest and cover with leaves and straw for winter protection. Remove the straw and leaves after the last frost in the spring.

Growing Artichokes Indoors

Growing artichokes indoors is not typically recommended due to their size and specific growing requirements. However, if you have the space and are determined to try, here is a step-by-step guide to help you get started:

1. Choose a large container. Select a pot that is at least 24 inches in diameter and 24 inches deep to accommodate the plant's root system.
2. Use well-draining soil. Fill the container with a high-quality potting mix that includes compost or aged manure to provide nutrients.
3. Start seeds indoors. Begin in late winter or early spring, about 8-10 weeks before the last frost. Soak seeds in warm water before sowing them in trays or pots.
4. Provide light and warmth. Place the trays or pots in a warm spot with bright light. Use grow lights if natural sunlight is insufficient, ensuring at least 6-8 hours of light daily.
5. Transplant seedlings. Once the seedlings have developed a few true leaves and the risk of frost has passed, transplant them into the large container. Space each plant about 3-4 feet apart if using multiple containers.
6. Water consistently. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water deeply when the top inch of soil feels dry.
7. Fertilize monthly. Apply a balanced organic fertilizer once a month during the growing season to support healthy growth.
8. Monitor growth. Remove any mulch when plants begin to bud and cover the soil with compost. Artichoke plants may go dormant in hot weather and start growing again in late summer and fall.
9. Provide support. As the plants grow, they may need staking or other support to keep them upright.
10. Harvest buds. When the buds reach the desired size, cut them off with a sharp knife, leaving about an inch of stem attached.

Artichokes are not only delicious but also fascinating plants. Did you know that wealthy Romans enjoyed artichokes prepared in honey and vinegar, seasoned with cumin? This historical tidbit highlights the long-standing culinary appreciation for this unique vegetable.

Caring for Artichokes

1. Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist, as artichokes need plenty of water to form edible buds. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and reduce the need for frequent watering.
2. Fertilizing: Apply a balanced organic fertilizer once a month during the growing season. This helps support healthy growth and bud formation. Mixing compost or aged manure into the soil before planting can also provide essential nutrients.
3. Pest Management: Artichokes can be affected by pests like aphids, slugs, and spider mites. For aphids, use a strong water spray or insecticidal soap. Handpick slugs and use copper plant collars to deter them. Rinse plants with water to manage spider mites and apply insecticidal soap if needed.
4. Harvesting: Harvest artichoke buds when they have swelled but are still tightly closed. Use a sharp knife to cut the stem about 1-2 inches below the bud. Fresh artichokes can be stored in the refrigerator for up to two weeks.
5. Winter Protection: In cooler regions, cut plants back to about six inches after the fall harvest. Cover the crowns with leaves and add a foot of straw for extra winter protection. Remove the straw and leaves after the last frost in the spring.

Common Challenges With Artichokes

Artichokes are a bit of a mixed bag when it comes to ease of growing. While they thrive in moist, rich, well-drained soil and full sun, they can be quite demanding. They are heavy feeders and need consistent moisture, which can be a challenge in hot climates. However, in my experience, once you get the hang of their needs, they can be quite rewarding. They can be grown as perennials in mild climates or treated as annuals in cooler regions, making them versatile but not necessarily beginner-friendly.

Growing artichokes does come with its fair share of challenges. Pests like aphids, slugs, and spider mites can be a nuisance, and diseases such as bacterial crown rot and powdery mildew are common issues. Additionally, they require careful winter protection in cooler climates to prevent root rot. Something I learned last winter is that heavy mulching can help them survive the cold, but too much moisture can be detrimental. Despite these hurdles, with proper care and attention, artichokes can be a delightful addition to your garden.

Safety of Artichokes for Pets

Artichokes are safe for cats, dogs, and other pets. They are non-toxic and can be included in your pet's diet in moderation. If you suspect your pet has ingested something harmful, contact the ASPCA's 24-hour hotline.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why are ants all over my artichokes?

Ants are often attracted to artichokes because of aphids. Aphids secrete a sweet substance called honeydew, which ants love. To manage this, control the aphid population using insecticidal soap or a strong water spray.

How do I protect artichokes in winter?

In cooler regions, cut plants back to about six inches after the fall harvest. Cover the crowns with leaves and add a foot of straw for extra winter protection. Remove the straw and leaves after the last frost in the spring.

Are purple artichokes safe to eat?

Yes, purple artichokes are safe to eat. The color variation is natural and does not affect the edibility or taste of the artichoke. They can be prepared and consumed just like green artichokes.

How do I prevent powdery mildew on artichokes?

To prevent powdery mildew, ensure good air circulation around the plants and avoid overhead watering. If mildew appears, remove infected parts and spray the plants with a baking soda solution to control the spread.